The Arizona State Bar Association does not necessitate any pre-legal education for its members, but they do require that members have graduated from law schools approved by the American Bar Association (ABA). ABA-approved law schools usually necessitate applicants to have a bachelor's degree. Nevertheless, it is evident that a student's First Amendment rights are violated when books that the school district has determined to have a legitimate educational value are removed from a mandatory reading list due to threats of harm, lawsuits, or other forms of retaliation. In 1925, the school became the Tempe State Teachers College and offered four-year bachelor's degrees in education and two-year teaching certificates. Arizona State University was established as a Territorial Normal School in Tempe on March 12, 1885, when the 13th Arizona Territorial Legislature passed a law to create a normal school for training teachers in the Arizona Territory.
In Monteiro v. Tempe Union High School District, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals relied on regulations enacted by the Department of Education to establish that allegations of a hostile racial educational environment constituted a claim under Article 602 of Title VI.Arizona attorneys should review the Arizona MCLE regulations and determine for themselves if a program qualifies for an MCLE credit. As proof of the motion, Monteiro attached a proposed amendment to the lawsuit (the amended lawsuit) in order to set out in more detail his claim for a hostile educational environment. In addition to passing the Arizona Bar exam, you must also pass the Multistate Professional Responsibility Examination (MPRE) with a score of 85 within three years of your admission to the Arizona Bar. ASU has four campuses in the Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area, including the Tempe campus in Tempe; the West campus in Glendale; the downtown Phoenix campus; and the Mesa Polytechnic campus.
In Monteiro, the plaintiffs alleged that their daughter and other African-American students were subjected to a hostile racial educational environment because white students repeatedly called them “black” and other racial insults. The amended lawsuit alleges that Monteiro does not seek to remove works from classroom debates in which Jane Doe and other African-American students were not held as a captive student audience or confined to a separate and unequal educational environment. However, in 1994, the Department of Education interpreted Title VI as prohibiting racial harassment among students and established criteria against which such complaints would be evaluated. To begin with, the modified lawsuit filed by Monteiro and other lawsuits that threaten to incur civil liability for assigning a book would seriously restrict a student's right to receive material that their school board or other educational authority determines to have legitimate educational value. In Monteiro, the Ninth Circuit adopted a three-element framework based on research from the Department of Education. In terms of Title VI, after reviewing its powers attributed under Title VII, it was concluded that racist attacks did not have to be directed against the complainant in order to create a hostile educational environment.
